Are Dental X-rays Safe? And Other Questions Answered

Only a very small amount of radiation is used to take the images, much less than you are naturally exposed to on a daily basis. In fact, you are exposed to radiation every day from your smartphone, TV, and computer. However, precautions are taken to limit the amount of radiation exposure from scatter during a dental X-ray, such as wearing a lead “bib” or vest to cover the body from the neck down. Non-leaded aprons are available now that are more comfortable and equally effective.

It can show:

• Cavities or decay beneath fillings or areas of infection.
• Bone loss.
• Impacted teeth.
• Cysts and/or tumors.

It can also be used to determine the amount of bone you have for dental implant placement and to see if you can be safely given braces or dentures. Bone grafts can be verified, as well as the status of the previously root-canaled teeth.

Yes, there are several types split between the intraoral and extraoral categories.

• Intraoral X-rays are images taken inside your mouth. They include:

• Bitewing X-rays are taken of the upper and lower teeth in one area of your mouth to show tooth decay and if anything is happening just under the gums. You’ve probably heard of and experienced bitewing X-rays the most.

• Periapical X-rays are taken of an entire tooth from the top (or crown) to the tip of the root to diagnose abnormalities such as gum disease or bone loss.

• Extraoral X-rays are images taken outside your mouth. These include:

• Panoramic X-rays are taken of your entire mouth in one image.

• Cephalometric X-rays are taken of your head from a side view to show the teeth in your jaw.
• Cone beam CT scans are done to show 3D images of your teeth, soft tissues, nerve pathways, and bone.

Dental X-rays are usually performed during your exam based on the guidelines from the American Dental Association. The type of X-rays taken changes based on the needs of the patient or the circumstances when the X-rays are needed. They could be full mouth (18) or selected examinations consisting of a few periapical X-rays and a few bitewings, again based on the need.

A dental hygienist or technician will probably take the X-ray, and your dentist will review it. Dental students may also take the X-rays as they are trained as well.

According to the guidelines from the American Dental Association, dental X-rays are safe during pregnancy if taken according to selection criteria and with appropriate patient shielding. But it is encouraged to take only emergency X-rays and leave the non-emergency X-rays to a later date when it is more comfortable to seat the patient and when the patient is ready for more invasive treatment.

As a dental X-ray is part of your overall oral health care, refusal is not encouraged. Your dentist needs to have the information available to keep your mouth healthy. Talk to your dentist or hygienist about your questions or concerns so that you can be more comfortable with what to expect from this fast, painless, and safe procedure.